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Reference · cited to official sources

What must an invoice legally include? By country.

The fields an invoice must carry aren't universal — they're set by each country's tax authority, and getting them wrong can cost your client a VAT deduction or trigger withholding. Here are the statutory requirements for ten countries, each cited to the official source, with a ready-made invoice one click away.

📎 Cited to each tax authority· 🔎 Filter by country· 🧾 Open a ready invoice
CountryTaxStandard rateTax ID on invoiceMust be titled "Tax invoice"?
🇬🇧 United KingdomVAT20%VAT number (if registered)No fixed title
🇮🇪 IrelandVAT23%VAT numberNo
🇩🇪 GermanyUSt19%USt-IdNr / SteuernummerNo
🇫🇷 FranceTVA20%N° TVA intracommunautaireNo
🇪🇸 SpainIVA21%NIF / CIFNo
🇳🇱 NetherlandsBTW21%btw-idNo
🇺🇸 United StatesSales taxVaries by stateEIN (optional)No federal rule
🇨🇦 CanadaGST (+ PST/HST)5% +GST/HST numberNo
🇦🇺 AustraliaGST10%ABNYes
🇳🇿 New ZealandGST15%GST numberNot since 2023

No country matches that. Try a country name or a tax like VAT or GST.

🇬🇧 United Kingdom

Tax VATStandard 20%Currency GBP £

Required on a VAT invoice

  • A unique, sequential invoice number
  • Your business name and address, and your VAT number (if VAT-registered)
  • The invoice date, and the "time of supply" (tax point) if different
  • The customer's name and address
  • A description of the goods or services
  • Per line: quantity, unit price excl. VAT, VAT rate, net amount
  • Total excl. VAT, total VAT, and the amount payable
If you're not VAT-registered, don't show or label VAT — just the plain totals. Only registered businesses charge and itemise VAT.

🇮🇪 Ireland

Tax VATStandard 23%Currency EUR €

Required on a VAT invoice

  • Date of issue and a sequential number
  • Supplier name, address and VAT number
  • Customer name and address (and VAT number for intra-EU B2B)
  • Description and quantity of goods or services
  • Unit price excl. VAT, the VAT rate(s) and VAT amount
  • Total payable, and the date of supply if different from the issue date
For B2B sales to another EU country, apply the reverse charge: show the customer's VAT number and the words "reverse charge" instead of charging Irish VAT.

🇩🇪 Germany

Tax USt (VAT)Standard 19%Currency EUR €

Required (§ 14 UStG)

  • Full name and address of both supplier and customer
  • Your tax number (Steuernummer) or VAT ID (USt-IdNr)
  • Issue date and a sequential invoice number
  • Quantity and description; the date of supply/service
  • Net amount broken down by tax rate (19% / 7%)
  • The VAT rate(s) and VAT amount — or a note if exempt
Missing even one mandatory field can void your client's input-VAT (Vorsteuer) deduction. Invoices up to €250 have a reduced set of fields.

🇫🇷 France

Tax TVA (VAT)Standard 20%Currency EUR €

Required mentions

  • A unique sequential number and the issue date
  • Supplier identity (name, address, SIREN/SIRET, legal form) and VAT number
  • Customer identity — plus their SIREN for B2B from 2026
  • Date of sale/service; description, quantity, unit price excl. VAT
  • VAT rate(s) and amount; totals excl. and incl. VAT
  • Payment terms and the late-payment penalty rate
B2B invoicing is mandatory. From 2026 add the client's SIREN, the delivery address (if different) and the operation type, as e-invoicing is phased in.

🇪🇸 Spain

Tax IVA (VAT)Standard 21%Currency EUR €

Required (RD 1619/2012, Art. 6)

  • Invoice number (and series) and the issue date
  • Full name and NIF/CIF of both issuer and recipient
  • Address of both parties
  • Description of the operations with unit price excl. VAT
  • The IVA rate(s) and the "cuota" (VAT amount) shown separately
  • Date of the operation if different, and the total
A factura simplificada (fewer fields) is allowed under €400 (€3,000 in some sectors). B2B e-invoicing is being rolled out.

🇳🇱 Netherlands

Tax BTW (VAT)Standard 21%Currency EUR €

Required on an invoice

  • Invoice date and a sequential number
  • Your name, address and VAT identification number (btw-id)
  • Customer name and address
  • Description and quantity; the date of supply
  • Net amount per VAT rate, the VAT rate(s) and VAT amount
  • The total payable
Show your btw-id, not your citizen number (BSN). For intra-EU B2B, use the reverse charge ("btw verlegd") with the customer's VAT number.

🇺🇸 United States

Tax Sales taxRate By stateCurrency USD $

Standard practice (no federal rule)

  • Your business name and contact details
  • The client's name and contact details
  • An invoice number and the invoice date
  • Description, quantity, rate and line amount
  • Subtotal, any state/local sales tax, and the total
  • Payment terms and due date
There's no federal law dictating invoice contents. What's required flows from state sales-tax rules (where you have nexus) and your contract — not a single statute.

🇨🇦 Canada

Tax GST (+PST/HST)GST 5%+Currency CAD $

Required (tiered by amount)

  • Under $30: your business name, the date, and the total
  • $30 – $149.99: add your GST/HST number and the GST/HST amount (or that it's included)
  • $150+: add the buyer's name, the terms, and a description of the goods/services
CRA's rules scale in three tiers so your client can claim input tax credits. Show your GST/HST registration number once registered.

🇦🇺 Australia

Tax GSTStandard 10%Currency AUD $

Required on a tax invoice

  • The words "Tax invoice", shown prominently
  • The seller's identity and ABN
  • The issue date
  • A description of items — quantity and price
  • The GST amount (or "Total price includes GST")
  • The extent to which each sale is taxable
  • For invoices ≥ $1,000: also the buyer's identity or ABN
No ABN on the invoice and the payer may have to withhold 47% (PAYG). A tax invoice is required for taxable sales over $82.50 incl. GST.

🇳🇿 New Zealand

Tax GSTStandard 15%Currency NZD $

"Taxable supply information" (since 1 Apr 2023)

  • Supplier name and GST number
  • The date of the supply
  • A description of the goods or services
  • The amount, and the GST charged
  • More detail (incl. buyer details) as the transaction value rises
Since April 2023, "taxable supply information" replaced the formal tax invoice: the document no longer has to be titled "Tax invoice" and details can span records — but the core GST facts are still required.

How to read this

Two patterns run through every country. First, the tax authority — not some universal standard — decides what an invoice must carry, so a compliant German Rechnung and a compliant Australian tax invoice don't look the same. Second, the requirements almost always exist to let the buyer reclaim tax, which is why missing a field (a VAT number, the GST amount) tends to hurt your client more than you — and why they'll ask you to reissue.

If you only sell domestically and aren't registered for VAT/GST, your obligations are light: a clear number, both parties' details, dates, a line-item breakdown, and the total. The moment you register for a sales tax, or invoice across a border, the specific fields above start to matter.

Common questions

Do I have to charge VAT or GST on my invoices?

Only if you're registered for it. Most countries have a turnover threshold below which registration is optional. If you aren't registered, you don't add VAT or GST and you shouldn't show a tax line — just your standard totals. Once you register, the country-specific fields above apply.

What happens if my invoice is missing a required field?

Usually your client can't reclaim the tax, so they'll ask you to reissue a corrected invoice. In some countries — Germany is strict here — a single missing mandatory field invalidates the input-VAT deduction entirely. It rarely fines you directly, but it damages the client relationship and delays payment.

Which country's rules apply when I invoice a foreign client?

Generally your own country's invoicing rules apply to the invoice you issue, but cross-border sales add layers — most importantly the reverse charge for B2B sales within the EU, where you don't charge VAT and instead note the customer's VAT number and "reverse charge". When in doubt for a specific cross-border case, check with an accountant.

Is this legal advice?

No. This is a cited summary to help you build a compliant invoice, and each country links to its official tax authority. Rules and rates change and edge cases exist, so treat it as a well-sourced starting point, not a substitute for professional advice.

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Every figure links to its official source above. Standard tax rates and specific requirements change over time and vary by case — always confirm the current rules with the relevant tax authority for anything material.